# Copyright 2020-2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ============================================================================
"""loss"""
import mindspore
import mindspore.common.dtype as mstype
from mindspore import log
from mindspore.common.tensor import Tensor
from mindspore.common.parameter import Parameter
from mindspore.ops import operations as P
from mindspore.ops import functional as F
from mindspore import nn
from mindspore.ops.primitive import constexpr
from mindspore.nn.cell import Cell
from mindspore.nn.layer.activation import get_activation
from mindspore._checkparam import Validator as validator
from mindspore._checkparam import Rel
from ... import context
[文档]class LossBase(Cell):
"""
Base class for other losses.
Other losses derived from this should implement their own `construct` and use method `self.get_loss`
to apply reduction to loss values.
Args:
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
Default: "mean".
Raises:
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
"""Initialize Loss."""
super(LossBase, self).__init__()
if reduction not in ('mean', 'sum', 'none'):
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'reduction' should be in ['mean', 'sum', 'none'], "
f"but got {reduction}.")
self.average = True
self.reduce = True
if reduction == 'sum':
self.average = False
if reduction == 'none':
self.reduce = False
self.reduce_mean = P.ReduceMean()
self.reduce_sum = P.ReduceSum()
self.mul = P.Mul()
self.cast = P.Cast()
[文档] def get_axis(self, x):
"""
Get a range of axis for input.
Args:
x (Tensor): Tensor of any shape.
Examples:
>>> class Net(nn.LossBase):
... def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
... super(Net, self).__init__(reduction)
... self.abs = ops.Abs()
...
... def construct(self, logits, labels):
... x = self.abs(logits - labels)
... axis = self.get_axis(x)
... return axis
>>> net = Net()
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = net(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
(0,)
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3, 3)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = net(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
(0, 1)
"""
shape = F.shape(x)
length = F.tuple_len(shape)
perm = F.make_range(0, length)
return perm
[文档] def get_loss(self, x, weights=1.0):
"""
Computes the weighted loss.
Args:
x (Tensor): Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number of
additional dimensions.
weights (Union[float, Tensor]): Optional `Tensor` whose rank is either 0, or the same rank as inputs,
and must be broadcastable to inputs (i.e., all dimensions must be either `1`,
or the same as the corresponding inputs dimension). Default: 1.0.
Returns:
Return the weighted loss.
Examples:
>>> class Net(nn.LossBase):
... def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
... super(Net, self).__init__(reduction)
... self.abs = ops.Abs()
...
... def construct(self, logits, labels):
... x = self.abs(logits - labels)
... output = self.get_loss(x)
... return output
>>> net = Net()
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 2]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = net(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.33333334
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3, 3)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 2, 2],[1, 2, 3],[1, 2, 3]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = net(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.11111111
"""
input_dtype = x.dtype
x = self.cast(x, mstype.float32)
weights = self.cast(weights, mstype.float32)
x = self.mul(weights, x)
if self.reduce and self.average:
x = self.reduce_mean(x, self.get_axis(x))
if self.reduce and not self.average:
x = self.reduce_sum(x, self.get_axis(x))
x = self.cast(x, input_dtype)
return x
def construct(self, logits, labels):
raise NotImplementedError
class _Loss(LossBase):
"""
Base class for other losses.
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
"""Initialize _Loss."""
log.warning("'_Loss' is deprecated from version 1.3 and "
"will be removed in a future version, use 'LossBase' instead.")
super(_Loss, self).__init__(reduction)
def construct(self, logits, labels):
raise NotImplementedError
@constexpr
def _check_is_tensor(param_name, input_data, cls_name):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the input data is Tensor."""
if input_data is not None and not isinstance(F.typeof(input_data), mstype.tensor_type):
raise TypeError(f"For '{cls_name}', the '{param_name}' should be '{mstype.tensor_type}', "
f"but got '{F.typeof(input_data)}'")
[文档]class L1Loss(LossBase):
r"""
L1Loss is used to calculate the mean absolute error between the predicted value and the target value.
Assuming that the :math:`x` and :math:`y` are 1-D Tensor, length :math:`N`, then calculate the loss of :math:`x` and
:math:`y` without dimensionality reduction (the reduction parameter is set to "none"). The formula is as follows:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) = L = \{l_1,\dots,l_N\}^\top, \quad \text{with } l_n = \left| x_n - y_n \right|,
where :math:`N` is the batch size. If `reduction` is not 'none', then:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) =
\begin{cases}
\operatorname{mean}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'mean';}\\
\operatorname{sum}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'sum'.}
\end{cases}
Args:
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
Default: "mean". If `reduction` is "mean" or "sum", then output a scalar Tensor, if `reduction` is "none",
the shape of the output Tensor is the broadcasted shape.
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Predicted value, Tensor of any dimension.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Target value, same shape as the `logits` in common cases.
However, it supports the shape of `logits` is different from the shape of `labels`
and they should be broadcasted to each other.
Outputs:
Tensor, data type is float.
Raises:
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
ValueError: If `logits` and `labels` have different shapes and cannot be broadcasted to each other.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> loss = nn.L1Loss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 2]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.33333334
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = (3,), labels.shape = (2, 3)
>>> loss = nn.L1Loss(reduction='none')
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 2]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[[0. 1. 2.]
[0. 0. 1.]]
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
"""Initialize L1Loss."""
super(L1Loss, self).__init__(reduction)
self.abs = P.Abs()
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
x = self.abs(logits - labels)
return self.get_loss(x)
[文档]class MSELoss(LossBase):
r"""
Calculates the mean squared error between the predicted value and the label value.
For simplicity, let :math:`x` and :math:`y` be 1-dimensional Tensor with length :math:`N`,
the unreduced loss (i.e. with argument reduction set to 'none') of :math:`x` and :math:`y` is given as:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) = L = \{l_1,\dots,l_N\}^\top, \quad \text{with} \quad l_n = (x_n - y_n)^2.
where :math:`N` is the batch size. If `reduction` is not 'none', then:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) =
\begin{cases}
\operatorname{mean}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'mean';}\\
\operatorname{sum}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'sum'.}
\end{cases}
Args:
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
Default: "mean".
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - The predicted value of the input. Tensor of any dimension.
- **labels** (Tensor) - The input label. Tensor of any dimension, same shape as the `logits` in common cases.
However, it supports the shape of `logits` is different from the shape of `labels`
and they should be broadcasted to each other.
Outputs:
Tensor, loss of type float, the shape is zero if `reduction` is 'mean' or 'sum',
while the shape of output is the broadcasted shape if `reduction` is 'none'.
Raises:
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean' or 'sum'.
ValueError: If `logits` and `labels` have different shapes and cannot be broadcasted.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> loss = nn.MSELoss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 1, 1]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
1.6666667
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = (3,), labels.shape = (2, 3)
>>> loss = nn.MSELoss(reduction='none')
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 2]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[[0. 1. 4.]
[0. 0. 1.]]
"""
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
x = F.square(logits - labels)
return self.get_loss(x)
[文档]class RMSELoss(LossBase):
r"""
RMSELoss creates a criterion to measure the root mean square error between :math:`x` and :math:`y`
element-wise, where :math:`x` is the input and :math:`y` is the labels.
For simplicity, let :math:`x` and :math:`y` be 1-dimensional Tensor with length :math:`N`,
the loss of :math:`x` and :math:`y` is given as:
.. math::
loss = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N}{(x_i-y_i)^2}}
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number of
additional dimensions.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)`, same shape as the `logits` in common cases.
However, it supports the shape of `logits` is different from the shape of `labels`
and they should be broadcasted to each other.
Outputs:
Tensor, weighted loss float tensor and its shape is ().
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> loss = nn.RMSELoss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 2]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.57735026
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = (3,), labels.shape = (2, 3)
>>> loss = nn.RMSELoss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 2]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
1.0
"""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize RMSELoss."""
super(RMSELoss, self).__init__()
self.MSELoss = MSELoss()
def construct(self, logits, label):
rmse_loss = F.sqrt(self.MSELoss(logits, label))
return rmse_loss
class MAELoss(LossBase):
r"""
MAELoss creates a criterion to measure the average absolute error between :math:`x` and :math:`y`
element-wise, where :math:`x` is the input and :math:`y` is the labels.
For simplicity, let :math:`x` and :math:`y` be 1-dimensional Tensor with length :math:`N`,
the unreduced loss (i.e. with argument reduction set to 'none') of :math:`x` and :math:`y` is given as:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) = L = \{l_1,\dots,l_N\}^\top, \quad \text{with } l_n = \left| x_n - y_n \right|,
where :math:`N` is the batch size. If `reduction` is not 'none', then:
.. math::
\ell(x, y) =
\begin{cases}
\operatorname{mean}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'mean';}\\
\operatorname{sum}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'sum'.}
\end{cases}
Args:
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
Default: "mean".
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(M, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number of
additional dimensions.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)`, same shape as the `logits` in common cases.
However, it supports the shape of `logits` is different from the shape of `labels`
and they should be broadcasted to each other.
Outputs:
Tensor, weighted loss float tensor, the shape is zero if `reduction` is 'mean' or 'sum',
while the shape of output is the broadcasted shape if `reduction` is 'none'.
Raises:
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> # Case 1: logits.shape = labels.shape = (3,)
>>> loss = nn.MAELoss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 2]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.33333334
>>> # Case 2: logits.shape = (3,), labels.shape = (2, 3)
>>> loss = nn.MAELoss(reduction='none')
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 2]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[[0. 1. 2.]
[0. 0. 1.]]
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
"""Initialize MAELoss."""
super(MAELoss, self).__init__(reduction)
self.abs = P.Abs()
def construct(self, logits, label):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', label, self.cls_name)
x = self.abs(logits - label)
return self.get_loss(x)
[文档]class SmoothL1Loss(LossBase):
r"""
SmoothL1 loss function, if the absolute error element-wise between the predicted value and the target value
is less than the set threshold `beta`, the square term is used, otherwise the absolute error term is used.
Given two input :math:`x,\ y`, the SmoothL1Loss can be described as follows:
.. math::
L_{i} =
\begin{cases}
\frac{0.5 (x_i - y_i)^{2}}{\beta}, & \text{if } |x_i - y_i| < {\beta} \\
|x_i - y_i| - 0.5 {\beta}, & \text{otherwise.}
\end{cases}
Where :math:`{\beta}` represents the threshold `beta`.
.. note::
SmoothL1Loss can be regarded as modified version of L1Loss or a combination of L1Loss and L2Loss.
L1Loss computes the element-wise absolute difference between two input tensors while L2Loss computes the
squared difference between two input tensors. L2Loss often leads to faster convergence but it is less
robust to outliers, and the loss function has better robustness.
Args:
beta (float): The loss function calculates the threshold of the transformation between L1Loss and L2Loss.
Default: 1.0.
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Predictive value. Tensor of any dimension. Data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Ground truth data, same shape and dtype as the `logits`.
Outputs:
Tensor, loss float tensor, same shape and dtype as the `logits`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `beta` is not a float.
TypeError: If `logits` or `labels` are not Tensor.
TypeError: If dtype of `logits` or `labels` is neither float16 not float32.
TypeError: If dtype of `logits` is not the same as `labels`.
ValueError: If `beta` is less than or equal to 0.
ValueError: If shape of `logits` is not the same as `labels`.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> loss = nn.SmoothL1Loss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 3]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, 2, 2]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[0. 0. 0.5]
"""
def __init__(self, beta=1.0):
"""Initialize SmoothL1Loss."""
super(SmoothL1Loss, self).__init__()
self.beta = beta
self.smooth_l1_loss = P.SmoothL1Loss(self.beta)
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
return self.smooth_l1_loss(logits, labels)
[文档]class SoftMarginLoss(LossBase):
r"""
A loss class for two-class classification problems.
SoftMarginLoss creates a criterion that optimizes a two-class classification
logistic loss between input tensor :math:`x` and labels tensor :math:`y`
(containing 1 or -1).
.. math::
\text{loss}(x, y) = \sum_i \frac{\log(1 + \exp(-y[i]*x[i]))}{\text{x.nelement}()}
:math:`x.nelement()` represents the number of element of `x` .
Args:
reduction (str): Apply specific reduction method to the output: 'none', 'mean', 'sum'. Default: "mean".
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Predict data. Data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Ground truth data, with the same type and shape as `logits`.
Outputs:
Tensor or Scalar, if `reduction` is "none", its shape is the same as `logits`.
Otherwise, a scalar value will be returned.
Raises:
TypeError: If `logits` or `labels` is not a Tensor.
TypeError: If dtype of `logits` or `labels` is neither float16 nor float32.
ValueError: If shape of `logits` is not the same as `labels`.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend``
Examples:
>>> loss = nn.SoftMarginLoss()
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[0.3, 0.7], [0.5, 0.5]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[-1, 1], [1, -1]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.6764238
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean'):
super(SoftMarginLoss, self).__init__()
self.soft_margin_loss = P.SoftMarginLoss(reduction)
def construct(self, logits, labels):
return self.soft_margin_loss(logits, labels)
[文档]class SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits(LossBase):
r"""
Computes softmax cross entropy between logits and labels.
Measures the distribution error between the probabilities of the input (computed with softmax function) and the
labels where the classes are mutually exclusive (only one class is positive) using cross entropy loss.
Typical input into this function is unnormalized scores denoted as x whose shape is (N, C),
and the corresponding targets.
For each instance :math:`x_i`, i ranges from 0 to N-1, the loss is given as:
.. math::
\ell(x_i, c) = - \log\left(\frac{\exp(x_i[c])}{\sum_j \exp(x_i[j])}\right)
= -x_i[c] + \log\left(\sum_j \exp(x_i[j])\right)
where :math:`x_i` is a 1D score Tensor, :math:`c` is the index of 1 in one-hot.
Note:
While the labels classes are mutually exclusive, i.e., only one class is positive in the labels, the predicted
probabilities does not need to be exclusive. It is only required that the predicted probability distribution
of entry is a valid one.
Args:
sparse (bool): Specifies whether labels use sparse format or not. Default: False.
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
If "none", do not perform reduction. Default: "none".
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape (N, C). Data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape (N, ). If `sparse` is True, The type of
`labels` is int32 or int64. Otherwise, the type of `labels` is the same as the type of `logits`.
Outputs:
Tensor, a tensor of the same shape and type as logits with the component-wise logistic losses.
Raises:
TypeError: If `sparse` is not a bool.
TypeError: If `sparse` is True and dtype of `labels` is neither int32 not int64.
TypeError: If `sparse` is False and dtype of `labels` is neither float16 not float32.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> # case 1: sparse=True
>>> loss = nn.SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits(sparse=True)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 33, 42, 12, 32, 72]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels_np = np.array([1]).astype(np.int32)
>>> labels = Tensor(labels_np)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[67.]
>>> # case 2: sparse=False
>>> loss = nn.SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits(sparse=False)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 33, 42, 12, 32, 72]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels_np = np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]]).astype(np.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(labels_np)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
[30.]
"""
def __init__(self,
sparse=False,
reduction='none'):
"""Initialize SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits."""
super(SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits, self).__init__(reduction)
self.sparse = validator.check_bool(sparse, "sparse", self.cls_name)
self.reduction = reduction
self.softmax_cross_entropy = P.SoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits()
self.one_hot = P.OneHot()
self.on_value = Tensor(1.0, mstype.float32)
self.off_value = Tensor(0., mstype.float32)
self.is_cpugpu = context.get_context('device_target') in ["CPU", "GPU"]
self.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy = P.SparseSoftmaxCrossEntropyWithLogits()
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
if self.sparse:
if self.reduction == 'mean':
x = self.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy(logits, labels)
return x
labels = self.one_hot(labels, F.shape(logits)[-1], self.on_value, self.off_value)
x = self.softmax_cross_entropy(logits, labels)[0]
return self.get_loss(x)
@constexpr
def _check_label_dtype(labels_dtype, cls_name):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the data type of labels meets the requirements."""
validator.check_type_name("labels", labels_dtype, [mstype.int32, mstype.int64], cls_name)
[文档]class DiceLoss(LossBase):
r"""
The Dice coefficient is a set similarity loss. It is used to calculate the similarity between two samples. The
value of the Dice coefficient is 1 when the segmentation result is the best and is 0 when the segmentation result
is the worst. The Dice coefficient indicates the ratio of the area between two objects to the total area.
The function is shown as follows:
.. math::
dice = 1 - \frac{2 * |pred \bigcap true|}{|pred| + |true| + smooth}
:math:`pred` represent `logits`, :math:`true` represent `labels` .
Args:
smooth (float): A term added to the denominator to improve numerical stability. Should be greater than 0.
Default: 1e-5.
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number of
additional dimensions. The data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)`, same shape as the `logits`.
The data type must be float16 or float32.
Outputs:
Tensor, a tensor of shape with the per-example sampled Dice losses.
Raises:
ValueError: If the dimension of `logits` is different from `labels`.
TypeError: If the type of `logits` or `labels` is not a tensor.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> loss = nn.DiceLoss(smooth=1e-5)
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[0.2, 0.5], [0.3, 0.1], [0.9, 0.6]]), mstype.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]), mstype.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.38596618
"""
def __init__(self, smooth=1e-5):
"""Initialize DiceLoss."""
super(DiceLoss, self).__init__()
self.smooth = validator.check_positive_float(smooth, "smooth")
self.reshape = P.Reshape()
def construct(self, logits, label):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', label, self.cls_name)
_check_shape(logits.shape, label.shape, self.cls_name)
intersection = self.reduce_sum(self.mul(logits.view(-1), label.view(-1)))
unionset = self.reduce_sum(self.mul(logits.view(-1), logits.view(-1))) + \
self.reduce_sum(self.mul(label.view(-1), label.view(-1)))
single_dice_coeff = (2 * intersection) / (unionset + self.smooth)
dice_loss = 1 - single_dice_coeff
return dice_loss
@constexpr
def _check_shape(logits_shape, label_shape, prim_name=None):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the shape of logits and labels meets the requirements."""
validator.check('logits_shape', logits_shape, 'label_shape', label_shape, prim_name=prim_name)
@constexpr
def _check_ndim_multi(logits_dim, label_dim, prim_name=None):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the dimension of logits and label meets the requirements."""
msg_prefix = f'For \'{prim_name}\', the' if prim_name else "The"
if logits_dim < 2:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} 'logits' dimension should be greater than 1, but got {logits_dim}.")
if label_dim < 2:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} 'labels' dimension should be greater than 1, but got {label_dim}.")
@constexpr
def _check_weights(weight_shape, label_shape, prim_name=None):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the reduced shape meets the requirements."""
msg_prefix = f'For \'{prim_name}\', the' if prim_name else "The"
if weight_shape != label_shape:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} weight_shape[0] should be equal to label_shape[1], "
f"but got weight_shape[0]: {weight_shape} and label_shape[1]: {label_shape}.")
[文档]class MultiClassDiceLoss(LossBase):
r"""
When there are multiple classifications, label is transformed into multiple binary classifications by one hot.
For each channel section in the channel, it can be regarded as a binary classification problem, so it can be
obtained through the binary loss of each category, and then the average value.
Args:
weights (Union[Tensor, None]): Tensor of shape :math:`(num\_classes, dim)`. The weight shape[0] should be
equal to labels shape[1].
Default: None.
ignore_indiex (Union[int, None]): Class index to ignore.
Default: None.
activation (Union[str, Cell]): Activate function applied to the output of the fully connected layer, eg. 'ReLU'.
Default: 'softmax'. Choose from: ['softmax', 'logsoftmax', 'relu', 'relu6', 'tanh','Sigmoid']
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, C, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number of additional
dimensions. The logits dimension should be greater than 1. The data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, C, *)`, same shape as the `logits`.
The labels dimension should be greater than 1. The data type must be float16 or float32.
Outputs:
Tensor, a tensor of shape with the per-example sampled MultiClass Dice Losses.
Raises:
ValueError: If the shape of `logits` is different from `labels`.
TypeError: If the type of `logits` or `labels` is not a tensor.
ValueError: If the dimension of `logits` or `labels` is less than 2.
ValueError: If the weights.shape[0] is not equal to labels.shape[1].
ValueError: If `weights` is a tensor, but its dimension is not 2.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> loss = nn.MultiClassDiceLoss(weights=None, ignore_indiex=None, activation="softmax")
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[0.2, 0.5, 0.7], [0.3, 0.1, 0.5], [0.9, 0.6, 0.3]]), mstype.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]]), mstype.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.54958105
"""
def __init__(self, weights=None, ignore_indiex=None, activation="softmax"):
"""Initialize MultiClassDiceLoss."""
super(MultiClassDiceLoss, self).__init__()
activation_list = ['softmax', 'logsoftmax', 'relu', 'relu6', 'tanh', 'sigmoid']
self.binarydiceloss = DiceLoss(smooth=1e-5)
self.weights = weights if weights is None else validator.check_value_type("weights", weights, [Tensor])
if isinstance(self.weights, Tensor) and self.weights.ndim != 2:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the dimension of 'weights' should be 2, "
f"but got {self.weights.ndim}.")
self.ignore_indiex = ignore_indiex if ignore_indiex is None else \
validator.check_value_type("ignore_indiex", ignore_indiex, [int])
if isinstance(activation, str) and activation not in activation_list:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'activation' must be in {activation_list}, "
f"but got {activation}.")
self.activation = get_activation(activation) if isinstance(activation, str) else activation
if self.activation is not None and not isinstance(self.activation, Cell):
raise TypeError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'activation' must be str or Cell, "
f"but got {type(self.activation)}.")
self.reshape = P.Reshape()
def construct(self, logits, label):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', label, self.cls_name)
_check_shape(logits.shape, label.shape, self.cls_name)
_check_ndim_multi(logits.ndim, label.ndim, self.cls_name)
total_loss = 0
if self.activation is not None:
logits = self.activation(logits)
for i in range(label.shape[1]):
if i != self.ignore_indiex:
dice_loss = self.binarydiceloss(logits[:, i], label[:, i])
if self.weights is not None:
_check_weights(self.weights.shape[0], label.shape[1], self.cls_name)
dice_loss *= self.weights[i]
total_loss += dice_loss
return total_loss / label.shape[1]
[文档]class SampledSoftmaxLoss(LossBase):
r"""
Computes the sampled softmax training loss. This operator can accelerate the training of the softmax classifier
over a large number of classes. It is generally an underestimate of the full softmax loss.
Args:
num_sampled (int): The number of classes to randomly sample per batch.
num_classes (int): The number of possible classes.
num_true (int): The number of labels classes per training example. Default: 1.
sampled_values (Union[list, tuple]): List or tuple of (`sampled_candidates`, `true_expected_count`,
`sampled_expected_count`) returned by a `*CandidateSampler` function.
Default to None, `UniformCandidateSampler` is applied.
remove_accidental_hits (bool): Whether to remove "accidental hits"
where a sampled class equals to one of the labels classes. Default: True.
seed (int): Random seed for candidate sampling. Default: 0
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
If "none", do not perform reduction. Default: "none".
Inputs:
- **weights** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(C, dim)`.
- **bias** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(C,)`. The class biases.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, num\_true)`, type `int64, int32`. The labels classes.
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, dim)`. The forward activations of the input network.
Outputs:
Tensor or Scalar, if `reduction` is 'none', then output is a tensor with shape :math:`(N,)`.
Otherwise, the output is a scalar.
Raises:
TypeError: If `sampled_values` is not a list or tuple.
TypeError: If dtype of `labels` is neither int32 not int64.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
ValueError: If `num_sampled` or `num_true` is greater than `num_classes`.
ValueError: If length of `sampled_values` is not equal to 3.
Supported Platforms:
``GPU``
Examples:
>>> mindspore.set_seed(1)
>>> loss = nn.SampledSoftmaxLoss(num_sampled=4, num_classes=7, num_true=1)
>>> weights = Tensor(np.random.randint(0, 9, [7, 10]), mindspore.float32)
>>> biases = Tensor(np.random.randint(0, 9, [7]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor([0, 1, 2])
>>> logits = Tensor(np.random.randint(0, 9, [3, 10]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(weights, biases, labels, logits)
>>> print(output)
[4.6051701e+01 1.4000047e+01 6.1989022e-06]
"""
def __init__(self, num_sampled, num_classes, num_true=1,
sampled_values=None, remove_accidental_hits=True, seed=0,
reduction='none'):
"""Initialize SampledSoftmaxLoss."""
super(SampledSoftmaxLoss, self).__init__(reduction)
if num_true < 1:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'num_true' must be greater than or equal to 1, "
f"but got {num_true}.")
if seed < 0:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'seed' must be greater than or equal to 0, but got {seed}.")
if num_sampled > num_classes:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'num_sampled' must be smaller than or "
f"equal to 'num_classes', but got 'num_sampled': {num_sampled} "
f"and 'num_classes': {num_classes}.")
if num_true > num_classes:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'num_true' must be smaller than or equal to 'num_classes', "
f"but got 'num_true': {num_true} amd 'num_classes': {num_classes}.")
if sampled_values is not None:
if not isinstance(sampled_values, (list, tuple)):
raise TypeError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the type of 'sampled_values' must be a list or tuple, "
f"but got {type(sampled_values).__name__}.")
if len(sampled_values) != 3:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the length of 'sampled_values' must be equal to 3,"
f"but got {len(sampled_values)}.")
self.num_sampled = num_sampled
self.num_classes = num_classes
self.num_true = num_true
self.sampled_values = sampled_values
self.remove_accidental_hits = remove_accidental_hits
self.seed = seed
self.sampler = P.UniformCandidateSampler(
num_true,
num_sampled,
True,
num_classes,
seed,
remove_accidental_hits)
self.cast = P.Cast()
self.reshape = P.Reshape()
self.shape = P.Shape()
self.exp = P.Exp()
self.log = P.Log()
self.slice_op = P.Slice()
self.matmul = P.MatMul(False, True)
self.gather_v2 = P.Gather()
self.reduce_max_true = P.ReduceMax(True)
self.reduce_sum = P.ReduceSum()
self.reduce_sum_true = P.ReduceSum(True)
self.concat_dim0 = P.Concat(0)
self.concat_dim1 = P.Concat(1)
self.ones_like = P.OnesLike()
self.zeros_like = P.ZerosLike()
self.mul = P.Mul()
self.expand_dims = P.ExpandDims()
self.dtype = P.DType()
def construct(self, weights, biases, labels, logits):
_check_is_tensor('weights', weights, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('biases', biases, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_label_dtype(self.dtype(labels), self.cls_name)
logits, labels = self._compute_sampled_logits(
weights=weights,
biases=biases,
labels=labels,
logits=logits,
num_true=self.num_true,
sampled_values=self.sampled_values,
subtract_log_q=True)
x = self._softmax_cross_entropy(logits, labels)
return x
def _softmax_cross_entropy(self, logits, targets):
stable_exp_logits = self.exp(logits - self.reduce_max_true(logits, 1))
pred = stable_exp_logits / self.reduce_sum_true(stable_exp_logits, 1)
return -self.reduce_sum(targets * self.log(pred + 1.0e-20), 1)
def _compute_sampled_logits(self, weights,
biases,
labels,
logits,
num_true=1,
sampled_values=None,
subtract_log_q=True):
"""Helper function for SampledSoftmaxLoss functions.
Computes sampled output training logits and labels suitable
Note: In the case where num_true > 1, we assign to each labels class
with the labels probability (1/num_true) so that the labels probabilities
sum to 1 per-example.
Args:
weights (Tensor): Tensor of shape `[num_classes, dim]`.
biases (Tensor): Tensor of shape `[num_classes]`.
labels (Tensor): Tensor of shape `[batch_size, num_true]`. The labels classes.
logits (Tensor): Tensor of shape `[batch_size, dim]`. The forward
activations of the input network.
num_true (int): The number of labels classes per training example.
sampled_values: A tuple of (`sampled_candidates`, `true_expected_count`,
`sampled_expected_count`) returned by a `UniformCandidateSampler` function.
subtract_log_q: A `bool`. whether to subtract the log expected count of
the labels in the sample to get the logits of the true labels. Default: True.
Returns:
out_logits: `Tensor` object with shape
`[batch_size, num_true + num_sampled]`
out_labels: A tensor object with the same shape as `out_logits`.
"""
if not labels.dtype == mstype.int32:
labels = self.cast(labels, mstype.int32)
labels = self.reshape(labels, (-1, num_true))
labels_flat = self.reshape(labels, (-1,))
# Sample the negative labels.
# sampled shape: [num_sampled] tensor
# true_expected_count shape is [batch_size, 1] tensor
# sampled_expected_count shape is [num_sampled] tensor
if sampled_values is None:
sampled_values = self.sampler(labels)
(sampled, true_expected_count, sampled_expected_count) = sampled_values
if not sampled.dtype == mstype.int32:
sampled = self.cast(sampled, mstype.int32)
all_ids = self.concat_dim0((labels_flat, sampled))
all_w = self.gather_v2(weights, all_ids, 0)
n_true = self.shape(labels_flat)[0]
n_sampled = self.shape(sampled)[0]
n_dim = self.shape(all_w)[1]
true_w = self.slice_op(all_w, [0, 0], [n_true, n_dim])
sampled_w = self.slice_op(all_w, [n_true, 0], [n_sampled, n_dim])
sampled_logits = self.matmul(logits, sampled_w)
all_b = self.gather_v2(biases, all_ids, 0)
true_b = self.slice_op(all_b, [0], [n_true])
sampled_b = self.slice_op(all_b, [n_true], [n_sampled])
new_true_w_shape = (-1, num_true, n_dim)
row_wise_dots = self.mul(self.expand_dims(logits, 1),
self.reshape(true_w, new_true_w_shape))
# We want the row-wise dot plus biases which yields a
# [batch_size, num_true] tensor of true_logits.
dots_as_matrix = self.reshape(row_wise_dots, (-1, n_dim))
true_logits = self.reshape(self.reduce_sum(dots_as_matrix, 1), (-1, num_true))
true_b = self.reshape(true_b, (-1, num_true))
true_logits += true_b
sampled_logits += sampled_b
if subtract_log_q:
# Subtract log of Q(l), prior probability that l appears in sampled.
true_logits -= self.log(true_expected_count)
sampled_logits -= self.log(sampled_expected_count)
# Construct output logits and labels. The true labels/logits start at col 0.
out_logits = self.concat_dim1((true_logits, sampled_logits))
# true_logits is a float tensor, ones_like(true_logits) is a float
# tensor of ones. We then divide by num_true to ensure the per-example
# labels sum to 1.0, i.e. form a proper probability distribution.
out_labels = self.concat_dim1((
self.ones_like(true_logits) / num_true,
self.zeros_like(sampled_logits)
))
return out_logits, out_labels
[文档]class BCELoss(LossBase):
r"""
BCELoss creates a criterion to measure the binary cross entropy between the true labels and predicted labels.
Set the predicted labels as :math:`x`, true labels as :math:`y`, the output loss as :math:`\ell(x, y)`.
Let,
.. math::
L = \{l_1,\dots,l_N\}^\top, \quad
l_n = - w_n \left[ y_n \cdot \log x_n + (1 - y_n) \cdot \log (1 - x_n) \right]
where N is the batch size. Then,
.. math::
\ell(x, y) = \begin{cases}
L, & \text{if reduction} = \text{'none';}\\
\operatorname{mean}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'mean';}\\
\operatorname{sum}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'sum'.}
\end{cases}
Note:
Note that the predicted labels should always be the output of sigmoid. Because it is a two-class
classification, the true labels should be numbers between 0 and 1.
And if input is either 0 or 1, one of the log terms would be mathematically undefined in the above loss
equation.
Args:
weight (Tensor, optional): A rescaling weight applied to the loss of each batch element.
And it must have the same shape and data type as `inputs`. Default: None
reduction (str): Specifies the reduction to be applied to the output.
Its value must be one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'. Default: 'none'.
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - The input tensor with shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number
of additional dimensions. The data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - The label tensor with shape :math:`(N, *)`, the same shape and data type as `logits`.
Outputs:
Tensor, has the same dtype as `logits`. if `reduction` is 'none', then it has the same shape as `logits`.
Otherwise, it is a scalar Tensor.
Raises:
TypeError: If dtype of `logits`, `labels` or `weight` (if given) is neither float16 not float32.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
ValueError: If shape of `logits` is not the same as `labels` or `weight` (if given).
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> weight = Tensor(np.array([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 3.3, 2.2]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> loss = nn.BCELoss(weight=weight, reduction='mean')
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[0.1, 0.2, 0.3], [0.5, 0.7, 0.9]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
1.8952923
"""
def __init__(self, weight=None, reduction='none'):
"""Initialize BCELoss."""
super(BCELoss, self).__init__()
self.binary_cross_entropy = P.BinaryCrossEntropy(reduction=reduction)
self.weight_one = weight is None
if not self.weight_one:
self.weight = weight
else:
self.ones = P.OnesLike()
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
if self.weight_one:
weight = self.ones(logits)
else:
weight = self.weight
loss = self.binary_cross_entropy(logits, labels, weight)
return loss
@constexpr
def _check_reduced_shape_valid(ori_shape, reduced_shape, axis, cls_name, arg_name1, arg_name2):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the reduced shape meets the requirements."""
validator.check_reduce_shape(ori_shape, reduced_shape, axis, cls_name, arg_name1, arg_name2)
[文档]class CosineEmbeddingLoss(LossBase):
r"""
CosineEmbeddingLoss creates a criterion to measure the similarity between two tensors using cosine distance.
Given two tensors :math:`x1`, :math:`x2`, and a Tensor label :math:`y` with values 1 or -1:
.. math::
loss(x_1, x_2, y) = \begin{cases}
1-cos(x_1, x_2), & \text{if } y = 1\\
max(0, cos(x_1, x_2)-margin), & \text{if } y = -1\\
\end{cases}
Args:
margin (float): Should be in [-1.0, 1.0]. Default 0.0.
reduction (str): Specifies which reduction to be applied to the output. It must be one of
"none", "mean", and "sum", meaning no reduction, reduce mean and sum on output, respectively. Default "mean".
Inputs:
- **logits_x1** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number
of additional dimensions.
- **logits_x2** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape :math:`(N, *)`, same shape and dtype as `logits_x1`.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Contains value 1 or -1. Suppose the shape of `logits_x1` is
:math:`(x_1, x_2, x_3, ..., x_R)`, then the shape of `labels` must be :math:`(x_1, x_3, x_4, ..., x_R)`.
Outputs:
Tensor or Scalar, if `reduction` is "none", its shape is the same as `labels`.
Otherwise, a scalar value will be returned.
Raises:
TypeError: If `margin` is not a float.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
ValueError: If `margin` is not in range [-1, 1].
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> logits_x1 = Tensor(np.array([[0.3, 0.8], [0.4, 0.3]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> logits_x2 = Tensor(np.array([[0.4, 1.2], [-0.4, -0.9]]), mindspore.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([1, -1]), mindspore.int32)
>>> cosine_embedding_loss = nn.CosineEmbeddingLoss()
>>> output = cosine_embedding_loss(logits_x1, logits_x2, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.0003425479
"""
def __init__(self, margin=0.0, reduction="mean"):
"""Initialize CosineEmbeddingLoss."""
super(CosineEmbeddingLoss, self).__init__(reduction)
self.reduce_sum = P.ReduceSum()
self.maximum = P.Maximum()
validator.check_value_type("margin", margin, [float], self.cls_name)
self.margin = validator.check_float_range(margin, -1.0, 1.0, Rel.INC_BOTH, "margin", self.cls_name)
def construct(self, logits_x1, logits_x2, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits_x1', logits_x1, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('logits_x2', logits_x2, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
F.same_type_shape(logits_x1, logits_x2)
_check_reduced_shape_valid(F.shape(logits_x1), F.shape(labels), (1,), self.cls_name, "logits_x1", "labels")
# if labels > 0, 1-cosine(logits_x1, logits_x2)
# else, max(0, cosine(logits_x1, logits_x2)-margin)
prod_sum = self.reduce_sum(logits_x1 * logits_x2, (1,))
square1 = self.reduce_sum(F.square(logits_x1), (1,))
square2 = self.reduce_sum(F.square(logits_x2), (1,))
denom = F.sqrt(square1) * F.sqrt(square2)
cosine = prod_sum / denom
pos_value = 1.0 - cosine
neg_value = self.maximum(cosine - self.margin, 0.0)
zeros = F.zeros_like(cosine)
pos_part = F.select(labels == 1, pos_value, zeros)
neg_part = F.select(labels == -1, neg_value, zeros)
output_unreduced = pos_part + neg_part
return self.get_loss(output_unreduced)
[文档]class BCEWithLogitsLoss(LossBase):
r"""
Adds sigmoid activation function to input logits, and uses the given logits to compute binary cross entropy
between the logits and the labels.
Sets input `logits` as :math:`X`, input `labels` as :math:`Y`, output as :math:`L`. Then,
.. math::
p_{ij} = sigmoid(X_{ij}) = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-X_{ij}}}
.. math::
L_{ij} = -[Y_{ij} \cdot log(p_{ij}) + (1 - Y_{ij}) \cdot log(1 - p_{ij})]
Then,
.. math::
\ell(x, y) = \begin{cases}
L, & \text{if reduction} = \text{'none';}\\
\operatorname{mean}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'mean';}\\
\operatorname{sum}(L), & \text{if reduction} = \text{'sum'.}
\end{cases}
Args:
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are 'mean', 'sum', and 'none'.
If 'none', do not perform reduction. Default:'mean'.
weight (Tensor, optional): A rescaling weight applied to the loss of each batch element.
If not None, it can be broadcast to a tensor with shape of `logits`,
data type must be float16 or float32. Default: None.
pos_weight (Tensor, optional): A weight of positive examples. Must be a vector with length equal to the
number of classes. If not None, it must be broadcast to a tensor with shape of `logits`, data type
must be float16 or float32. Default: None.
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Input logits with shape :math:`(N, *)` where :math:`*` means, any number
of additional dimensions. The data type must be float16 or float32.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Ground truth label with shape :math:`(N, *)`, same shape and dtype as `logits`.
Outputs:
Tensor or Scalar, if `reduction` is "none", its shape is the same as `logits`.
Otherwise, a scalar value will be returned.
Raises:
TypeError: If data type of `logits` or `labels` is neither float16 nor float32.
TypeError: If `weight` or `pos_weight` is a parameter.
TypeError: If data type of `weight` or `pos_weight` is neither float16 nor float32.
ValueError: If `weight` or `pos_weight` can not be broadcast to a tensor with shape of `logits`.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend`` ``GPU`` ``CPU``
Examples:
>>> logits = Tensor(np.array([[-0.8, 1.2, 0.7], [-0.1, -0.4, 0.7]]).astype(np.float32))
>>> labels = Tensor(np.array([[0.3, 0.8, 1.2], [-0.6, 0.1, 2.2]]).astype(np.float32))
>>> loss = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
>>> output = loss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.3463612
"""
def __init__(self, reduction='mean', weight=None, pos_weight=None):
"""Initialize BCEWithLogitsLoss."""
super(BCEWithLogitsLoss, self).__init__()
self.reduction = reduction
self.bce_with_logits_loss = P.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction=reduction)
if isinstance(weight, Parameter):
raise TypeError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'weight' can not be a Parameter.")
if isinstance(pos_weight, Parameter):
raise TypeError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the 'pos_weight' can not be a Parameter.")
self.weight = weight
self.pos_weight = pos_weight
self.ones = P.OnesLike()
self.is_cpu = context.get_context("device_target") == "CPU"
def _construct_cpu(self, logits, labels):
"""Use native implementation for CPU."""
max_val = F.maximum(-logits, 0)
if self.pos_weight is not None:
log_weight = ((self.pos_weight - 1) * labels) + 1
loss = (1 - labels) * logits
loss_1 = F.log(F.exp(F.neg_tensor(max_val)) + F.exp(F.neg_tensor(logits) - max_val)) + max_val
loss += log_weight * loss_1
else:
loss = (1 - labels) * logits
loss += max_val
loss += F.log(F.exp(F.neg_tensor(max_val)) + F.exp(F.neg_tensor(logits) - max_val))
if self.weight is not None:
output = loss * self.weight
else:
output = loss
if self.reduction == "mean":
return F.reduce_mean(output)
if self.reduction == "sum":
return F.reduce_sum(output)
return output
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
if self.is_cpu:
return self._construct_cpu(logits, labels)
return self._construct_gpu_ascend(logits, labels)
def _construct_gpu_ascend(self, logits, labels):
"""Use P.BCEWithLogitsLoss for Ascend and GPU."""
ones_input = self.ones(logits)
if self.weight is not None:
weight = self.weight
else:
weight = ones_input
if self.pos_weight is not None:
pos_weight = self.pos_weight
else:
pos_weight = ones_input
loss = self.bce_with_logits_loss(logits, labels, weight, pos_weight)
return loss
@constexpr
def _check_ndim(logits_nidm, labels_ndim, prime_name=None):
'''Internal function, used to check whether the dimension of logits and labels meets the requirements.'''
msg_prefix = f'For \'{prime_name}\', the' if prime_name else "The"
if logits_nidm < 2 or logits_nidm > 4:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} dimensions of 'logits' should be in [2, 4], but got "
f"dimension of 'logits' {logits_nidm}.")
if labels_ndim < 2 or labels_ndim > 4:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} dimensions of 'labels' should be in [2, 4], but got "
f"dimension of 'labels' {labels_ndim}.")
if logits_nidm != labels_ndim:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} dimensions of 'logits' and 'labels' must be equal, but got "
f"dimension of 'logits' {logits_nidm} and dimension of 'labels' {labels_ndim}.")
@constexpr
def _check_channel_and_shape(logits, labels, prime_name=None):
'''Internal function, used to check whether the channels or shape of logits and labels meets the requirements.'''
msg_prefix = f'For \'{prime_name}\', the' if prime_name else "The"
if logits == 1:
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} 'logits'.shape[1] cannot be one, but got {logits}.")
if labels not in (1, logits):
raise ValueError(f"{msg_prefix} 'labels'.shape[1] must be one or equal to 'logits'.shape[1]: {logits}, "
f"but got {labels}.")
@constexpr
def _check_input_dtype(labels_dtype, cls_name):
"""Internal function, used to check whether the data type of labels meets the requirements."""
validator.check_type_name("labels", labels_dtype,
[mstype.int32, mstype.int64, mstype.float16, mstype.float32], cls_name)
[文档]class FocalLoss(LossBase):
r"""
The loss function proposed by Kaiming team in their paper ``Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection`` improves the
effect of image object detection. It is a loss function to solve the imbalance of categories and the difference of
classification difficulty. If you want to learn more, please refer to the paper.
`Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.02002.pdf>`_. The function is shown as follows:
.. math::
FL(p_t) = -(1-p_t)^\gamma log(p_t)
Args:
gamma (float): Gamma is used to adjust the steepness of weight curve in focal loss. Default: 2.0.
weight (Union[Tensor, None]): A rescaling weight applied to the loss of each batch element. The dimension of
weight should be 1. If None, no weight is applied. Default: None.
reduction (str): Type of reduction to be applied to loss. The optional values are "mean", "sum", and "none".
If "none", do not perform reduction. Default: "mean".
Inputs:
- **logits** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape should be :math:`(N, C)` or :math:`(N, C, H)` or :math:`(N, C, H, W)`.
Where :math:`C` is the number of classes. Its value is greater than 1. If the shape is :math:`(N, C, H, W)`
or :math:`(N, C, H)`, the :math:`H` or product of :math:`H` and :math:`W` should be the same as labels.
- **labels** (Tensor) - Tensor of shape should be :math:`(N, C)` or :math:`(N, C, H)` or :math:`(N, C, H, W)`.
The value of :math:`C` is 1 or it needs to be the same as predict's :math:`C`. If :math:`C` is not 1,
the shape of target should be the same as that of predict, where :math:`C` is the number of classes.
If the shape is :math:`(N, C, H, W)` or :math:`(N, C, H)`, the :math:`H` or product of :math:`H`
and :math:`W` should be the same as logits. The value of `labels` is should be in the
range [-:math:`C`, :math:`C`). Where :math:`C` is the number of classes in logits.
Outputs:
Tensor or Scalar, if `reduction` is "none", its shape is the same as `logits`.
Otherwise, a scalar value will be returned.
Raises:
TypeError: If the data type of `gamma` is not a float.
TypeError: If `weight` is not a Tensor.
ValueError: If `labels` dim is different from `logits`.
ValueError: If `labels` channel is not 1 and `labels` shape is different from `logits`.
ValueError: If `reduction` is not one of 'none', 'mean', 'sum'.
Supported Platforms:
``Ascend``
Example:
>>> logits = Tensor([[0.8, 1.4], [0.5, 0.9], [1.2, 0.9]], mstype.float32)
>>> labels = Tensor([[1], [1], [0]], mstype.int32)
>>> focalloss = nn.FocalLoss(weight=Tensor([1, 2]), gamma=2.0, reduction='mean')
>>> output = focalloss(logits, labels)
>>> print(output)
0.12516622
"""
def __init__(self, weight=None, gamma=2.0, reduction='mean'):
"""Initialize FocalLoss."""
super(FocalLoss, self).__init__(reduction=reduction)
self.gamma = validator.check_value_type("gamma", gamma, [float])
if weight is not None and not isinstance(weight, Tensor):
raise TypeError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the type of 'weight' should be a Tensor, "
f"but got {type(weight).__name__}.")
if isinstance(weight, Tensor) and weight.ndim != 1:
raise ValueError(f"For '{self.cls_name}', the dimension of 'weight' should be 1, but got {weight.ndim}.")
self.weight = weight
self.expand_dims = P.ExpandDims()
self.gather_d = P.GatherD()
self.squeeze = P.Squeeze(axis=1)
self.tile = P.Tile()
self.cast = P.Cast()
self.dtype = P.DType()
self.logsoftmax = nn.LogSoftmax(1)
def construct(self, logits, labels):
_check_is_tensor('logits', logits, self.cls_name)
_check_is_tensor('labels', labels, self.cls_name)
labelss = labels
_check_ndim(logits.ndim, labelss.ndim, self.cls_name)
_check_channel_and_shape(logits.shape[1], labelss.shape[1], self.cls_name)
_check_input_dtype(self.dtype(labelss), self.cls_name)
if logits.ndim > 2:
logits = logits.view(logits.shape[0], logits.shape[1], -1)
labelss = labelss.view(labelss.shape[0], labelss.shape[1], -1)
else:
logits = self.expand_dims(logits, 2)
labelss = self.expand_dims(labelss, 2)
log_probability = self.logsoftmax(logits)
if labels.shape[1] == 1:
log_probability = self.gather_d(log_probability, 1, self.cast(labelss, mindspore.int32))
log_probability = self.squeeze(log_probability)
probability = F.exp(log_probability)
if self.weight is not None:
convert_weight = self.weight[None, :, None]
convert_weight = self.tile(convert_weight, (labelss.shape[0], 1, labelss.shape[2]))
if labels.shape[1] == 1:
convert_weight = self.gather_d(convert_weight, 1, self.cast(labelss, mindspore.int32))
convert_weight = self.squeeze(convert_weight)
log_probability = log_probability * convert_weight
weight = F.pows(-1 * probability + 1.0, self.gamma)
if labels.shape[1] == 1:
loss = (-1 * weight * log_probability).mean(axis=1)
else:
loss = (-1 * weight * labelss * log_probability).mean(axis=-1)
return self.get_loss(loss)