Converting Dataset to MindRecord
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CPU
Data Preparation
Overview
Users can convert non-standard datasets and common datasets into the MindSpore data format, MindRecord, so that they can be easily loaded to MindSpore for training. In addition, the performance of MindSpore in some scenarios is optimized, which delivers better user experience when you use datasets in the MindSpore data format.
The MindSpore data format has the following features:
Unified storage and access of user data are implemented, simplifying training data loading.
Data is aggregated for storage, which can be efficiently read, managed and moved.
Data encoding and decoding are efficient and transparent to users.
The partition size is flexibly controlled to implement distributed training.
The mindspore data format aims to normalize the datasets of users to MindRecord, which can be further loaded through the MindDataset
and used in the training procedure (Please refer to the API for detailed use).
A MindRecord file consists of data files and index files. Data files and index files do not support renaming for now.
Data file
A data file contains a file header, scalar data pages and block data pages for storing normalized training data. It is recommended that the size of a single MindRecord file does not exceed 20 GB. Users can break up a large dataset and store the dataset into multiple MindRecord files.
Index file
An index file contains the index information generated based on scalar data (such as image labels and image file names), used for convenient data fetching and storing statistical data about the dataset.
A data file consists of the following key parts:
File Header
The file header stores the file header size, scalar data page size, block data page size, schema, index fields, statistics, file partition information, and mapping between scalar data and block data. It is the metadata of the MindRecord file.
Scalar data page
The scalar data page is used to store integer, string and floating point data, such as the label of an image, file name of an image, and length, width of an image. The information suitable for storage with scalars is stored here.
Block data page
The block data page is used to store data such as binary strings and NumPy arrays. Additional examples include converted python dictionaries generated from texts and binary image files.
Converting Dataset to MindRecord
The following tutorial demonstrates how to convert image data and its annotations to MindRecord. For more instructions on MindSpore data format conversion, please refer to the MindSpore Data Format Conversion chapter in the programming guide.
Example 1: Show how to convert data into a MindRecord data file according to the defined dataset structure.
Import the
FileWriter
class for file writing.
[1]:
from mindspore.mindrecord import FileWriter
Define a dataset schema which defines dataset fields and field types.
[2]:
cv_schema_json = {"file_name": {"type": "string"}, "label": {"type": "int32"}, "data": {"type": "bytes"}}
Schema mainly contains `name`, `type` and `shape`:
- `name`: field names, consist of letters, digits and underscores.
- `type`: field types, include int32, int64, float32, float64, string and bytes.
- `shape`: [-1] for one-dimensional array, [m, n, ...] for higher dimensional array in which m and n represent the dimensions.
> - The type of a field with the `shape` attribute can only be int32, int64, float32, or float64.
> - If the field has the `shape` attribute, only data in `numpy.ndarray` type can be transferred to the `write_raw_data` API.
Prepare the data sample list to be written based on the user-defined schema format. Binary data of the images is transferred below.
[3]:
data = [{"file_name": "1.jpg", "label": 0, "data": b"\x10c\xb3w\xa8\xee$o&<q\x8c\x8e(\xa2\x90\x90\x96\xbc\xb1\x1e\xd4QER\x13?\xff\xd9"},
{"file_name": "2.jpg", "label": 56, "data": b"\xe6\xda\xd1\xae\x07\xb8>\xd4\x00\xf8\x129\x15\xd9\xf2q\xc0\xa2\x91YFUO\x1dsE1\x1ep"},
{"file_name": "3.jpg", "label": 99, "data": b"\xaf\xafU<\xb8|6\xbd}\xc1\x99[\xeaj+\x8f\x84\xd3\xcc\xa0,i\xbb\xb9-\xcdz\xecp{T\xb1\xdb"}]
Adding index fields can accelerate data loading. This step is optional.
[4]:
indexes = ["file_name", "label"]
Create a
FileWriter
object, transfer the file name and number of slices, add the schema and index, call thewrite_raw_data
API to write data, and call thecommit
API to generate a local data file.
[5]:
writer = FileWriter(file_name="test.mindrecord", shard_num=4)
writer.add_schema(cv_schema_json, "test_schema")
writer.add_index(indexes)
writer.write_raw_data(data)
writer.commit()
[5]:
MSRStatus.SUCCESS
This example will generate `test.mindrecord0`, `test.mindrecord0.db`, `test.mindrecord1`, `test.mindrecord1.db`, `test.mindrecord2`, `test.mindrecord2.db`, `test.mindrecord3`, `test.mindrecord3.db`, totally eight files, called MindRecord datasets. `test.mindrecord0` and `test.mindrecord0.db` are collectively referred to as a MindRecord file, where `test.mindrecord0` is the data file and `test.mindrecord0.db` is the index file.
**Interface Description:**
- `write_raw_data`: write data to memory.
- `commit`: write data in memory to disk.
For adding data to the existing data format file, call the
open_for_append
API to open the existing data file, call thewrite_raw_data
API to write new data, and then call thecommit
API to generate a local data file.
[6]:
writer = FileWriter.open_for_append("test.mindrecord0")
writer.write_raw_data(data)
writer.commit()
[6]:
MSRStatus.SUCCESS
Example 2: Convert a picture in jpg
format into a MindRecord dataset according to the method in Example 1.
Download the image data transform.jpg
that needs to be processed as the raw data to be processed.
Create a folder directory ./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/datas_to_mindrecord/
to store all the converted datasets in this experience.
Create a folder directory ./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/images/
to store the downloaded image data.
Execute the following command in jupyter notebook:
[ ]:
!wget -N https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/notebook/datasets/transform.jpg --no-check-certificate
!mkdir -p ./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/datas_to_mindrecord/
!mkdir -p ./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/images/
!mv -f ./transform.jpg ./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/images/
Execute the following code to convert the downloaded transform.jpg
into a MindRecord dataset.
[8]:
# step 1 import class FileWriter
import os
from mindspore.mindrecord import FileWriter
# clean up old run files before in Linux
data_path = './datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/datas_to_mindrecord/'
os.system('rm -f {}test.*'.format(data_path))
# import FileWriter class ready to write data
data_record_path = './datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/datas_to_mindrecord/test.mindrecord'
writer = FileWriter(file_name=data_record_path,shard_num=4)
# define the data type
data_schema = {"file_name":{"type":"string"},"label":{"type":"int32"},"data":{"type":"bytes"}}
writer.add_schema(data_schema,"test_schema")
# prepeare the data contents
file_name = "./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/images/transform.jpg"
with open(file_name, "rb") as f:
bytes_data = f.read()
data = [{"file_name":"transform.jpg", "label":1, "data":bytes_data}]
# add index field
indexes = ["file_name","label"]
writer.add_index(indexes)
# save data to the files
writer.write_raw_data(data)
writer.commit()
[8]:
MSRStatus.SUCCESS
This example will generate 8 files, which become the MindRecord dataset. test.mindrecord0
and test.mindrecord0.db
are called 1 MindRecord files, where test.mindrecord0
is the data file, and test.mindrecord0.db
is the index file. The generated files are as follows:
./datasets/convert_dataset_to_mindrecord/datas_to_mindrecord/
├── test.mindrecord0
├── test.mindrecord0.db
├── test.mindrecord1
├── test.mindrecord1.db
├── test.mindrecord2
├── test.mindrecord2.db
├── test.mindrecord3
└── test.mindrecord3.db
Loading MindRecord Dataset
The following tutorial briefly demonstrates how to load the MindRecord dataset using the MindDataset
.
Import the
dataset
for dataset loading.
[10]:
import mindspore.dataset as ds
Use the
MindDataset
to load the MindRecord dataset.
[11]:
data_set = ds.MindDataset(dataset_file="test.mindrecord0") # read full dataset
count = 0
for item in data_set.create_dict_iterator(output_numpy=True):
print("sample: {}".format(item))
count += 1
print("Got {} samples".format(count))
sample: {'data': array([175, 175, 85, 60, 184, 124, 54, 189, 125, 193, 153, 91, 234,
106, 43, 143, 132, 211, 204, 160, 44, 105, 187, 185, 45, 205,
122, 236, 112, 123, 84, 177, 219], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'3.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(99, dtype=int32)}
sample: {'data': array([ 16, 99, 179, 119, 168, 238, 36, 111, 38, 60, 113, 140, 142,
40, 162, 144, 144, 150, 188, 177, 30, 212, 81, 69, 82, 19,
63, 255, 217], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'1.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(0, dtype=int32)}
sample: {'data': array([175, 175, 85, 60, 184, 124, 54, 189, 125, 193, 153, 91, 234,
106, 43, 143, 132, 211, 204, 160, 44, 105, 187, 185, 45, 205,
122, 236, 112, 123, 84, 177, 219], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'3.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(99, dtype=int32)}
sample: {'data': array([230, 218, 209, 174, 7, 184, 62, 212, 0, 248, 18, 57, 21,
217, 242, 113, 192, 162, 145, 89, 70, 85, 79, 29, 115, 69,
49, 30, 112], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'2.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(56, dtype=int32)}
sample: {'data': array([ 16, 99, 179, 119, 168, 238, 36, 111, 38, 60, 113, 140, 142,
40, 162, 144, 144, 150, 188, 177, 30, 212, 81, 69, 82, 19,
63, 255, 217], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'1.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(0, dtype=int32)}
sample: {'data': array([230, 218, 209, 174, 7, 184, 62, 212, 0, 248, 18, 57, 21,
217, 242, 113, 192, 162, 145, 89, 70, 85, 79, 29, 115, 69,
49, 30, 112], dtype=uint8), 'file_name': array(b'2.jpg', dtype='|S5'), 'label': array(56, dtype=int32)}
Got 6 samples