{
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{
"cell_type": "markdown",
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"source": [
"# 量子线路高阶操作\n",
"\n",
"[](https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/notebook/r2.2/mindquantum/zh_cn/beginner/mindspore_advanced_operations_of_quantum_circuit.ipynb) \n",
"[](https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/notebook/r2.2/mindquantum/zh_cn/beginner/mindspore_advanced_operations_of_quantum_circuit.py) \n",
"[](https://gitee.com/mindspore/docs/blob/r2.2/docs/mindquantum/docs/source_zh_cn/beginner/advanced_operations_of_quantum_circuit.ipynb)\n",
"[](https://authoring-modelarts-cnnorth4.huaweicloud.com/console/lab?share-url-b64=aHR0cHM6Ly9taW5kc3BvcmUtd2Vic2l0ZS5vYnMuY24tbm9ydGgtNC5teWh1YXdlaWNsb3VkLmNvbS9ub3RlYm9vay9yMi4yL21pbmRxdWFudHVtL3poX2NuL2JlZ2lubmVyL21pbmRzcG9yZV9hZHZhbmNlZF9vcGVyYXRpb25zX29mX3F1YW50dW1fY2lyY3VpdC5pcHluYg%3D%3D&imageid=73522c7f-6d98-43d8-b306-8ff374c7d3a7)\n",
"\n",
"在前面变分量子线路操作指导中介绍了[量子线路](https://mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/beginner/parameterized_quantum_circuit.html#%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF)的基本用法。接下来，我们将进一步探索MindSpore Quantum为量子线路定义的一些高阶操作的用法。\n",
"\n",
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.controlled](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.controlled.html)\n",
"\n",
"[controlled](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.controlled.html) 方法用于对任意量子线路或量子算符添加控制量子比特（可以是多个）。\n",
"\n",
"例如，我们构建一个仅包含两个量子比特的量子线路，并通过 [controlled](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.controlled.html) 方法对其添加一个控制量子比特——$q_2$："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "c44755ab",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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]
},
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"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.algorithm.library import qft\n",
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import controlled\n",
"\n",
"u1 = qft(range(2)) # 构建量子线路\n",
"u1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "9330f35e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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}
],
"source": [
"u2 = controlled(u1)(2) # 对线路添加控制量子位q2，返回一个新的线路\n",
"u2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4d63b2ef",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"实际上，[controlled()](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.controlled.html) 返回的是一个函数。例如："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "6144080f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"u3 = controlled(u1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3c2a5acf",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"我们可通过调用u3来对初始线路u1添加控制量子位，和上面的效果是一样的："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "39a3af2d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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],
"source": [
"u4 = u3(2)\n",
"u4.svg()"
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},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5381a350",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"注意：添加的控制量子比特不能是线路中已存在的某个门的目标量子比特，否则会报错！\n",
"\n",
"另外，我们还可以对量子线路批量添加控制位。例如，在下面的示例中，我们对$q_0$和$q_1$分别添加控制位——$q_2$和$q_3$："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "bb5e74ff",
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],
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"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190e3160>"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u = controlled(qft)\n",
"u = u([2, 3], [0, 1]) # 批量添加控制位\n",
"u.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f991b869",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.dagger](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.dagger.html)\n",
"\n",
"[dagger](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.dagger.html) 方法用于求量子线路或量子算符的厄米共轭。\n",
"\n",
"以下示例提供了两种进行 [dagger](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.dagger.html) 操作的方式："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "7d203008",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190ff280>"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import dagger\n",
"\n",
"u1 = qft(range(3))\n",
"u1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "1229c41f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd619123ac0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u2 = dagger(u1)\n",
"u2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "26239556",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6a06bda00>"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u3 = dagger(qft)\n",
"u4 = u3(range(3))\n",
"u4.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "69117023",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"可看到，两种方式得到的线路是相同的。\n",
"\n",
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.apply](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.apply.html)\n",
"\n",
"[apply](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.apply.html) 方法用于将量子线路或量子算符作用在指定的量子比特（可以是多个）上。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "865da650",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd619097850>"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import apply\n",
"\n",
"u1 = qft([0, 1])\n",
"circuit1 = apply(u1, [1, 0]) # 将量子线路u1作用在比特q1, q0上\n",
"circuit1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "67ed697a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"336.8\" height=\"140.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"336.8\" height=\"140.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"100.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q1: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"316.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"316.8\" y1=\"100.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"80.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"92.8\" y=\"100.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><circle cx=\"152.8\" cy=\"40.0\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#fac209\" /><line x1=\"152.8\" x2=\"152.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#fac209\" stroke-width=\"3\" /><rect x=\"132.8\" y=\"80.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"96.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >PS </text><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"112.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >π/2 </text><rect x=\"192.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"212.8\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><line x1=\"272.8\" x2=\"272.8\" y1=\"20.0\" y2=\"120.0\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke=\"#16acff\" /><rect x=\"252.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" fill=\"#16acff\" fill-opacity=\"1\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" /><path d=\"M 263.2 36.31384387633061 L 268.0 28.0 L 272.8 36.31384387633061 L 269.44 36.31384387633061 L 269.44 52.0 L 266.56 52.0 L 266.56 36.31384387633061 Z\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><path d=\"M 282.4 43.68615612366939 L 277.6 52.0 L 272.8 43.68615612366939 L 276.16 43.68615612366939 L 276.16 28.0 L 279.04 28.0 L 279.04 43.68615612366939 Z\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><rect x=\"252.8\" y=\"80.0\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" fill=\"#16acff\" fill-opacity=\"1\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" /><path d=\"M 263.2 96.31384387633061 L 268.0 88.0 L 272.8 96.31384387633061 L 269.44 96.31384387633061 L 269.44 112.0 L 266.56 112.0 L 266.56 96.31384387633061 Z\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><path d=\"M 282.4 103.68615612366939 L 277.6 112.0 L 272.8 103.68615612366939 L 276.16 103.68615612366939 L 276.16 88.0 L 279.04 88.0 L 279.04 103.68615612366939 Z\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190914c0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u2 = apply(qft, [1, 0]) # 将qft作用在比特q0, q1上\n",
"circuit2 = u2([0, 1])\n",
"circuit2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "553beec8",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.add_prefix](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.add_prefix.html)\n",
"\n",
"[add_prefix](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.add_prefix.html) 方法用于在参数化量子电路或参数化量子算符的参数名上加上前缀。这在神经网络分层中十分有用，例如："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "5c70b2f8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"196.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"196.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"176.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"80.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"112.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"112.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >theta </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190b9fa0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import add_prefix, Circuit\n",
"from mindquantum.core.gates import RX, H\n",
"\n",
"circ = Circuit().rx(\"theta\", 0)\n",
"circ.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "3ecfc597",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"196.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"196.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"176.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"80.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"112.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"112.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >l0_theta </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd619123ee0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"circ = add_prefix(circ, 'l0') # 添加后，参数\"theta\"就变成了\"l0_theta\"\n",
"circ.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e3c09fbc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"我们可以在含参量子门作用于具体的量子比特后对其参数名称添加前缀，也可以在其还未应用于量子比特的时候添加。例如："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "71f56c75",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"256.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"256.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"236.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"92.8\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><rect x=\"132.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"80.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"172.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"172.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >ansatz_a </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd619123f40>"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u = lambda qubit: Circuit([H.on(0), RX('a').on(qubit)])\n",
"\n",
"u1 = u(0)\n",
"u1 = add_prefix(u1, 'ansatz')\n",
"u1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "edbf7b03",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"256.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"256.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"236.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"92.8\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><rect x=\"132.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"80.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"172.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"172.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >ansatz_a </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190b5cd0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"u2 = add_prefix(u, 'ansatz')\n",
"u2 = u2(0)\n",
"u2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c05a8195",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.change_param_name](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.change_param_name.html)\n",
"\n",
"[change_param_name](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.change_param_name.html) 方法用于修改参数化量子电路或参数化量子算符的参数名。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "d844ba22",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"216.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"216.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"196.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"92.8\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><rect x=\"132.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >b </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190a8400>"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import change_param_name, Circuit\n",
"from mindquantum.core.gates import RX, H\n",
"\n",
"u = lambda qubit: Circuit([H.on(0), RX('a').on(qubit)])\n",
"\n",
"u1 = u(0)\n",
"u1 = change_param_name(u1, {'a': 'b'})\n",
"u1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "3a1d5d5f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"216.8\" height=\"80.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0.0\" width=\"216.8\" height=\"80.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"196.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#5e7ce0\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"92.8\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >H </text><rect x=\"132.8\" y=\"20.0\" width=\"40.0\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#fac209\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"36.0\" font-size=\"20px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >RX </text><text x=\"152.8\" y=\"52.0\" font-size=\"14.0px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#ffffff\" >b </text></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190e3100>"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"u2 = change_param_name(u, {'a': 'b'})\n",
"u2 = u2(0)\n",
"u2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "522ec9fc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.UN](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.UN.html)\n",
"\n",
"[UN](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.UN.html) 模块用于将量子门作用于不同的目标量子比特和控制量子比特。\n",
"\n",
"一般格式如下：`mindquantum.circuit.UN(gate, maps_obj, maps_ctrl=None)`，参数`gate`是要执行的量子门，`maps_obj`是需要执行该量子门的目标量子比特，`maps_ctrl`是控制量子比特（无控制量子位时为`None`）。若每个量子比特位都执行同一不含参的量子门，则可以直接使用`UN(gate, N)`，`N`表示量子比特个数。\n",
"\n",
"以下是一个简单的示例，我们在构建的线路中对每一位量子比特都应用一个 [H](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/gates/mindquantum.core.gates.HGate.html) 门："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "6ba3b3ff",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"image/svg+xml": [
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],
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"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190971c0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import change_param_name, Circuit, UN\n",
"from mindquantum.core.gates import X, H, SWAP\n",
"\n",
"circuit1 = Circuit()\n",
"circuit1 += UN(H, 4) # 将H门作用在每一位量子比特上\n",
"circuit1.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "52a24be7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"以下示例中，我们对量子比特$q_2$和$q_0$、$q_3$和$q_1$分别添加一个[CNOT](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/gates/mindquantum.core.gates.XGate.html)门，其中$q_2$为控制位，$q_0$为目标位；$q_3$为控制位，$q_1$为目标位："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"id": "3fbb0af7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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],
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"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6190af430>"
]
},
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"circuit2 = UN(X, maps_obj=[0, 1], maps_ctrl=[2, 3])\n",
"circuit2.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e44d378e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"针对类似 [SWAP](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/gates/mindquantum.core.gates.SWAPGate.html) 门的用法如下："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"id": "2ccd1cf8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd61904d0a0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"circuit3 = UN(SWAP, maps_obj=[[0, 1], [2, 3]]).x(2, 1)\n",
"circuit3.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9b0d1910",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## [mindquantum.core.circuit.shift](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.shift.html)\n",
"\n",
"[shift](https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/core/circuit/mindquantum.core.circuit.shift.html) 方法用于修改给定线路的量子位范围，参数为要挪动的步长。注意，步长不能为负数。并且，只能挪到最后一个量子比特，不能循环到$q_0$（第一个量子位）。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"id": "71d000ca",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"156.8\" height=\"128.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"12.0\" width=\"156.8\" height=\"128.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q0: </text><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"100.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q1: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"136.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"136.8\" y1=\"100.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><circle cx=\"92.8\" cy=\"40.0\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#16acff\" /><line x1=\"92.8\" x2=\"92.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#16acff\" stroke-width=\"3\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"80.0\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#16acff\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><line x1=\"78.8\" x2=\"106.8\" y1=\"100.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"4\" /><line x1=\"92.8\" x2=\"92.8\" y1=\"86.0\" y2=\"114.0\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"4\" /></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6a058b880>"
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import shift, Circuit\n",
"from mindquantum.core.gates import X\n",
"\n",
"circ = Circuit().x(1, 0)\n",
"circ.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"id": "180fde8c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"156.8\" height=\"128.0\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"12.0\" width=\"156.8\" height=\"128.0\" fill=\"#ffffff\" /><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"40.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q1: </text><text x=\"20.0\" y=\"100.0\" font-size=\"16px\" dominant-baseline=\"middle\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-family=\"Arial\" font-weight=\"normal\" fill=\"#252b3a\" >q2: </text><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"136.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"40.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><line x1=\"48.8\" x2=\"136.8\" y1=\"100.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#adb0b8\" stroke-width=\"1\" /><circle cx=\"92.8\" cy=\"40.0\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#16acff\" /><line x1=\"92.8\" x2=\"92.8\" y1=\"40.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#16acff\" stroke-width=\"3\" /><rect x=\"72.8\" y=\"80.0\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" rx=\"4\" ry=\"4\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"0\" fill=\"#16acff\" fill-opacity=\"1\" /><line x1=\"78.8\" x2=\"106.8\" y1=\"100.0\" y2=\"100.0\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"4\" /><line x1=\"92.8\" x2=\"92.8\" y1=\"86.0\" y2=\"114.0\" stroke=\"#ffffff\" stroke-width=\"4\" /></svg>"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd6a06b0910>"
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"circ = shift(circ, 1)\n",
"circ.svg() # 线路作用的量子比特从q0,q1变为q1,q2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b5050bd9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 案例——鸢尾花分类：搭建Encoder\n",
"\n",
"以上高阶操作的示例显示了量子线路高阶操作的适用性及便捷性，如果我们进一步将它们组合起来用于构建量子线路，又会产生什么神奇魔力呢？\n",
"\n",
"接下来我们将以<a href=\"https://www.mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/case_library/classification_of_iris_by_qnn.html#%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AF%B9%E9%B8%A2%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%B1%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB\" target=\"_blank\"> 通过量子神经网络对鸢尾花进行分类\n",
" </a>的案例中<a href=\"https://mindspore.cn/mindquantum/docs/zh-CN/r0.9/case_library/classification_of_iris_by_qnn.html#%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BAencoder\" target=\"_blank\"> 搭建Encoder </a>部分为例，搭建下图所示的量子线路：\n",
"\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"id": "89bbaf78",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<pre style=\"white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration-color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold\"> Circuit Summary </span>\n",
"╭──────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮\n",
"│<span style=\"font-weight: bold\"> </span><span style=\"color: #3b3b95; text-decoration-color: #3b3b95; font-weight: bold\">Info</span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"> </span>│<span style=\"font-weight: bold\"> </span><span style=\"color: #3b3b95; text-decoration-color: #3b3b95; font-weight: bold\">value</span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"> </span>│\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Number of qubit</span> │ 4 │\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Total number of gate</span> │ 17 │\n",
"│ Barrier │ 0 │\n",
"│ Noise Channel │ 0 │\n",
"│ Measurement │ 0 │\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Parameter gate</span> │ 7 │\n",
"│ 7 ansatz parameters │ <span style=\"color: #48c9b0; text-decoration-color: #48c9b0\">0_alpha, 1_alpha, 2_alpha, 3_alpha, 4_alpha, 5_alpha, 6_alpha</span> │\n",
"╰──────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯\n",
"</pre>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"\u001b[1;38;2;255;0;0m Circuit Summary \u001b[0m\n",
"╭──────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮\n",
"│\u001b[1m \u001b[0m\u001b[1;38;2;59;59;149mInfo\u001b[0m\u001b[1m \u001b[0m\u001b[1m \u001b[0m│\u001b[1m \u001b[0m\u001b[1;38;2;59;59;149mvalue\u001b[0m\u001b[1m \u001b[0m\u001b[1m \u001b[0m│\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ \u001b[1mNumber of qubit\u001b[0m │ 4 │\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ \u001b[1mTotal number of gate\u001b[0m │ 17 │\n",
"│ Barrier │ 0 │\n",
"│ Noise Channel │ 0 │\n",
"│ Measurement │ 0 │\n",
"├──────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n",
"│ \u001b[1mParameter gate\u001b[0m │ 7 │\n",
"│ 7 ansatz parameters │ \u001b[38;2;72;201;176m0_alpha, 1_alpha, 2_alpha, 3_alpha, 4_alpha, 5_alpha, 6_alpha\u001b[0m │\n",
"╰──────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.core.circuit import shift, add_prefix, Circuit, UN\n",
"from mindquantum.core.gates import RZ, X, H\n",
"\n",
"template = Circuit([X.on(1, 0), RZ('alpha').on(1), X.on(1, 0)])\n",
"encoder = UN(H, 4) + (RZ(f'{i}_alpha').on(i) for i in range(4)) + sum(add_prefix(shift(template, i), f'{i+4}') for i in range(3))\n",
"encoder.summary()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"id": "1686faa1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.io.display.circuit_svg_drawer.SVGCircuit at 0x7fd619072370>"
]
},
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"encoder.svg()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8dcb676b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"在上面的代码中，我们使用UN模块将不含参数的H门作用于目标量子比特$q_0$~$q_3$，然后将RZ(i_alpha)门作用于第i位量子比特。\n",
"接着，观察到线路中有三个一样的模块，它们都由一个受控X门、一个RZ门和一个受控X门构成，因此，我们构造对应的模板template，它由一个受$q_0$控制、作用在$q_1$的X门，一个作用在$q_1$的RZ门和一个受$q_0$控制、作用在$q_1$的X门构成。然后我们通过shift(template, i)来改变模板作用的量子比特范围，构建三个结构相同但作用的量子比特范围相差1的模块，其涉及的量子比特范围分别为$q_0$和$q_1$、$q_1$和$q_2$、$q_2$和$q_3$。\n",
"最后，我们使用add_prefix方法为通过shift构造的所有含参量子门的参数名加上一个数字前缀。\n",
"\n",
"至此，通过MindSpore Quantum提供的这些量子线路高阶操作，我们仅用两行代码就构建了所需的Encoder！"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"id": "abfafaad",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"\n",
"<table border=\"1\">\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Software</th>\n",
" <th>Version</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"<tr><td>mindquantum</td><td>0.9.11</td></tr>\n",
"<tr><td>scipy</td><td>1.10.1</td></tr>\n",
"<tr><td>numpy</td><td>1.24.4</td></tr>\n",
"<tr>\n",
" <th>System</th>\n",
" <th>Info</th>\n",
"</tr>\n",
"<tr><td>Python</td><td>3.8.17</td></tr><tr><td>OS</td><td>Linux x86_64</td></tr><tr><td>Memory</td><td>16.62 GB</td></tr><tr><td>CPU Max Thread</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Date</td><td>Tue Jan 2 14:38:55 2024</td></tr>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<mindquantum.utils.show_info.InfoTable at 0x7fd619072e20>"
]
},
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from mindquantum.utils.show_info import InfoTable\n",
"\n",
"InfoTable('mindquantum', 'scipy', 'numpy')\n"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "MindSpore",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.8.17"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}