Installation

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Installing Using pip

Q: When installing GPU, CUDA 10.1, 0.5.0-beta version of MindSpore, it prompts cannot open shared object file:No such file or directory, what should I do?

A: The error message indicates that the cuBLAS library is not found. Generally, the cause is that the cuBLAS library is not installed or is not added to the environment variable. Generally, cuBLAS is installed together with CUDA and the driver. After the installation, add the directory where cuBLAS is located to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.


Q: What should I do if an error message ERROR: mindspore_{VERSION}.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform is displayed when I install MindSpore using pip?

A: pip checks compatibility of wheel package and current Python environment by verifying the file name. For example, when installing mindspore_ascend-1.2.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_aarch64.whl, pip checks whether:

  1. Python version falls in 3.7.x.

  2. Current operating system is a linux distro.

  3. System architecture is arm64.

Hence, if you run into such a problem, please make sure the current environment fulfills the requirements of the MindSpore package you are installing, or a correct version of MindSpore package which matches your environment is being installed.


Q: What should I do if an error message ERROR: mindspore-{VERSION}.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform is displayed when I compile MindSpore form source and install it using pip on the macOS system?

A: First, check the name of the installation package under the output directory, which is similar to mindspore-1.6.0-cp37-cp37m-macosx_11_1_x84_64.whl. The “11_1” in the package name means that the SDK version used when compiling is 11.1. If the SDK version used is 11.x, it may be that the SDK version used during compilation is too high and cannot be installed.

Solution 1: You can rename the installation package and then try to install it. For example, rename the above installation package to mindspore-1.6.0-cp37-cp37m-macosx_10_15_x84_64.whl.

Solution 2: Before compiling the source code, set the environment variable MACOSX_DEPOLYMENT_TARGET to 10.15 and recompile.


Q: What should I do if an error message SSL:CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FATLED is displayed when I use pip to install MindSpore?

A: Add the --trusted-host=ms-release.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com parameter to the pip installation command and try again.


Q: Any specific requirements for Protobuf version when use MindSpore?

A: MindSpore installs version 3.13.0 of Protobuf by default. If it is not the version, there will be many warnings in the log when using pytest to test the code. It is recommended that you use the command ‘pip install protobuf==3.13.0’ to reinstall version 3.13.0.


Q: What should I do when error ProxyError(Cannot connect to proxy) prompts during pip install?

A: It is generally a proxy configuration problem, you can using export http_proxy={your_proxy} on Ubuntu environment, and using set http_proxy={your_proxy} in cmd on Windows environment to config your proxy.


Q: What should I do when error prompts during pip install?

A: Please execute pip -V to check if pip is linked to Python3.7+. If not, we recommend you use python3.7 -m pip install instead of pip install command.


Q: What should I do when error prompts No matching distribution found for XXX during pip install dependencies?

A: Please execute pip config list to check the package index index-url. Sometimes package index updates are out of sync. You can try other package index instead.


Q: What should I do if I cannot find whl package for MindInsight or MindArmour on the installation page of MindSpore website?

A: You can download whl package from the official MindSpore Website download page and manually install it via pip install.


Q: For Ascend users, what should I do when RuntimeError: json.exception.parse_error.101 parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'T' appears in personal Conda environment?

A: When you encounter the error, you should update the te/topi/hccl python toolkits, unload them firstly and then using command pip install /usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/latest/fwkacllib/lib64/{te/topi/hccl}-{version}-py3-none-any.whl to reinstall.


Q: What should I do when I install both CPU and GPU versions of MindSpore, an error occurs while importing mindspore, saying cannot import name 'context' from 'mindspore'?

A: All versions of MindSpore are installed in the directory named mindspore, installing them in one Python environment may overwrite each other and cause failures. If you wish to use alternate versions of MindSpore for different platforms (e.g. CPU and GPU versions), please uninstall the unused version and install the new version afterwards.


Q: What should I do if error message Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement is generated when I install MindSpore on a ARM architecture system using pip?

A: The version of pip installed on your system is most likely lower than 19.3, which is too low to recognize manylinux2014 label that identifies ARM64 architecture for pypi. Wrong versions of python packages such as numpy or scipy are downloaded, and dependencies are then found lacking while trying to build these packages. As such, please upgrade pip to a later version by typing pip install --upgrade pip, and then try installing MindSpore again.


Q: What should I do if error message Running setup.py install for pillow: finished with status 'error' ... The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg, ... is generated when I install MindSpore using pip?

A: MindSpore relies on the third-party library pillow for some data processing operations, while pillow needs to rely on the libjpeg library already installed in the environment. Take the Ubuntu environment as an example, you can use sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev to install the libjpeg library, and then install MindSpore.


Source Code Compilation Installation

Q: What is the difference between bash -p and bash -e when an error is reported during application build?

A: MindSpore Serving build and running depend on MindSpore. Serving provides two build modes: 1. Use bash -p {python site-packages}/mindspore/lib to specify an installed MindSpore path to avoid building MindSpore when building Serving. 2. Build Serving and the corresponding MindSpore. Serving passes the -e, -V, and -j options to MindSpore. For example, use bash -e ascend -V 910 -j32 in the Serving directory as follows:

  • Build MindSpore in the third_party/mindspore directory using bash -e ascend -V 910 -j32.

  • Use the MindSpore build result as the Serving build dependency.


Q: A cross compiler has been installed on Linux, but how do I write compilation commands?

A: Set environment variables and specify the Android NDK path using export ANDROID_NDK=/path/to/android-ndk. To compile the Arm64 version, run bash build.sh -I arm64. To compile the Arm32 version, run bash build.sh -I arm32. After the compilation is successful, find the compiled package in the output directory.


Q: MindSpore installation: Version 0.6.0-beta + Ascend 910 + Ubuntu_aarch64 + Python3.7.5, manually download the whl package of the corresponding version, compile and install gmp6.1.2. Other Python library dependencies have been installed, the execution of the sample fails, and an error shows that the so file cannot be found.

A: The libdatatransfer.so dynamic library is in the fwkacllib/lib64 directory. Find the path of the library in the /usr/local directory, and then add the path to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. After the settings take effect, execute the sample again.


Q: What should I do if the compilation time of MindSpore source code takes too long or the process is constantly interrupted by errors?

A: MindSpore imports third party dependencies through submodule mechanism, among which Protobuf v3.13.0 might not have the optimal or steady download speed, it is recommended that you perform package cache in advance.


Q: How to change installation directory of the third party libraries?

A: The third party libraries will be installed in build/mindspore/.mslib, you can change the installation directory by setting the environment variable MSLIBS_CACHE_PATH, eg. export MSLIBS_CACHE_PATH = ~/.mslib.


Q: What should I do if the software version required by MindSpore is not the same with the Ubuntu default software version?

A: At the moment some software might need manual upgrade. (Note: MindSpore requires Python3.7.5 and gcc7.3，the default version in Ubuntu 16.04 are Python3.5 and gcc5，whereas the one in Ubuntu 18.04 are Python3.7.3 and gcc7.4)


Q: what should I do when I have installed Python 3.7.5 and set environment variables accordingly, but still failed compiling MindSpore, with error message Python3 not found?

A: It’s probably due to the lack of shared libraries in current Python environment. Compiling MindSpore requires linking Python shared libraries, hence you may need to compile and install Python 3.7.5 from source, using command ./configure --enable-shared.


Q: What are the directories to be cleaned if the previous compilation failed, so as to prevent the following compilation being affected by previous remains?

A: While compiling MindSpore, if:

  1. Failed while downloading or compiling third-party software. e.g. Failed applying patch on icu4c, with error message Cmake Error at cmake/utils.cmake:301 (message): Failed patch:. In this case, go to build/mindspore/.mslib or directories specified by environment vairiable MSLIBS_CACHE_PATH where third-party software are installed, and delete affected software respectively.

  2. Failed in other stages of compilation, or if you wish to clean all previous build results, simply delete build directory.


Q: what should I do when an error message No module named 'mindpore.version' is displayed when I execute the case?

A: Maybe you execute the case in the path with the same name as the MindSpore installation package. Rename the directory or exit one or more levels of directory to solve the problem.


Q: what should I do when an error message MD5 does not match is displayed when I execute the case?

A: This kind of error may be caused by internet problem when some third party libraries are downloading. It fails to verify MD5 with a incomplete file when you recompile the project. Remove the related third-party file in .mslib cache path and recompile the project to solve the problem.


Q: What should I do if it prompts that pthread not found in CMakeError.txt after the compilation fails?

A: The real reason for the failure will be showed in the stdout log. CMakeError.txt has no reference value. Please look for the first error in the stdout log.


Q: After the compilation is successful, an error undefined reference to XXXX or undefined symbol XXXX occurs during runtime, what should I do?

A: The possible reasons are:

  1. If the problem occurs after the code is updated by git pull, please delete the build directory to exclude the impact of the previous build.

  2. If the problem occurs after modifying the code, you can use c++filt XXXX to view the meaning of the symbol. It may be caused by unimplemented functions, unimplemented virtual functions, and unlinked dependencies, etc.

  3. If the problem occurs on the Ascend platform, after excluding the above reasons, it is likely to be caused by a mismatch between the MindSpore version and the CANN version. For the version matching relationship, please refer to Installation Guide.


Uninstall

Q: How to uninstall MindSpore?

A: First of all, please confirm the full name of MindSpore, for example, for the gpu version, you can execute the command pip uninstall mindspore-gpu to uninstall.


Environment Variables

Q: Some frequently-used environment settings need to be reset in the newly started terminal window, which is easy to be forgotten, What should I do?

A: You can write the frequently-used environment settings to ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc so that the settings can take effect immediately when you start a new terminal window.


Q: How to set environment variable DEVICE_ID when using GPU version of MindSpore

A: Normally, GPU version of MindSpore doesn’t need to set DEVICE_ID. MindSpore automatically chooses visible GPU devices according to the cuda environment variable CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. After setting CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES, DEVICE_ID refers to the ordinal of the GPU device:

  • After export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=1,3,5, DEVICE_ID should be exported as 0, 1 or 2. If 3 is exported, MindSpore will fail to execute because of the invalid device ordinal.


Q: What should I do when error /usr/bin/ld: warning: libxxx.so, needed by libmindspore.so, not found prompts during application compiling?

A: Find the directory where the missing dynamic library file is located, add the path to the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and refer to Inference Using the MindIR Model on Ascend 310 AI Processors#Building Inference Code for environment variable settings.


Q: What should I do when error ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'te' prompts during application running?

A: First confirm whether the system environment is installed correctly and whether the whl packages such as te and topi are installed correctly. If there are multiple Python versions in the user environment, such as Conda virtual environment, you need to execute ldd name_of_your_executable_app to confirm whether the application link libpython3.so is consistent with the current Python directory, if not, you need to adjust the order of the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For example:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`python -c "import distutils.sysconfig as sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR'))"`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Add the library directory of the program corresponding to the current python command to the top of LD_LIBRARY_PATH.


Q: What should I do when error error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory prompts during application running?

A: This error usually occurs in an environment where multiple Python versions are installed. First, confirm whether the lib directory of Python is in the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH, this command can set it:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`python -c "import distutils.sysconfig as sysconfig ; print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR'))"`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Then, if Python 3.7.6 or lower does not contain this dynamic library in the Conda virtual environment, you can run the command to upgrade the Python version in Conda, such as: conda install python=3.7.11.


Q: Ascend AI processor software package and other prerequisites have been installed, but executing MindSpore failed with error message Cannot open shared objectfile: No such file or directory, what should I do?

A: There are 2 common reasons: an incorrect version of Ascend AI processor software package is installed, or the packages are installed in customized paths, yet the environment varialbes are not set accordingly.

  1. Go to directory where Ascend AI processor software package is installed, being /usr/local/Ascend by default, open version.info files which are located under directories of subpackages, and check if the version number matches the requirement of MindSpore. Please refer to Install for the detailed version required by MindSpore versions. If the version number does not match, please update the packages accordingly.

  2. Check if Ascend AI processor software package is installed in the default directory. MindSpore attempts to load packages from default directory /usr/local/Ascend, if the packages are installed in a customized directory, please follow the instructions from Configuring Environment Variables section of Install and set environment variables to match the changes. If other dependencies are installed in customized directies, then please set LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable accordingly.


Verifying the Installation

Q: Does MindSpore of the GPU version have requirements on the computing capability of devices?

A: Currently, MindSpore supports only devices with the computing capability version greater than 5.3.


Q: After MindSpore is installed on a CPU of a PC, an error message the pointer[session] is null is displayed during code verification. The specific code is as follows. How do I verify whether MindSpore is successfully installed?

import numpy as np
from mindspore import Tensor
import mindspore.ops as ops
import mindspore.context as context

context.set_context(device_target="Ascend")
x = Tensor(np.ones([1,3,3,4]).astype(np.float32))
y = Tensor(np.ones([1,3,3,4]).astype(np.float32))
print(ops.add(x,y))

A: After MindSpore is installed on a CPU hardware platform, run the python -c'import mindspore' command to check whether MindSpore is successfully installed. If no error message such as No module named'mindspore' is displayed, MindSpore is successfully installed. The verification code is used only to verify whether a Ascend platform is successfully installed.


Q: What should I do do when the errors prompts, such as sh:1:python:not found, No module named mindspore._extends.remote that the Python was linked to Python2.7?

A: Use the following command to check whether the current Python environment meets the requirements of MindSpore.

  • Enter python in the terminal window and check the following version information entered into the Python interactive environment. If an error is reported directly, there is no Python soft connection; if you enter a non-Python 3.7 environment, the current Python environment is not the MindSpore runtime needs.

  • If not, execute the sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.7.x /usr/bin/python command to create Python’s soft connection.


Q: Here in script when we import other python lib before import mindspore, error raised like follows (/{your_path}/libgomp.so.1: cannot allocate memory in static TLS block), how can we solve it?

A: Above question is relatively common, and there are two feasible solutions, you can choose one of them:

  • Exchange the order of import, first import mindspore and then import other third party libraries.

  • Before executing the program, we can add environment variables first (export LD_PRELOAD=/{your_path}/libgomp.so.1), where {your_path} is the path mentioned in above error.


Q: What should I do if an error message ImportError: libgmpxx.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory is displayed when running import mindspore in a script after the source code of mindspore and gmp are compiled and installed?

A: The reason is that we didn’t set --enable-cxx when installing gmp. The correct steps for installing gmp is (suppose that we have download gmp installation repository):

$cd gmp-6.1.2
$./configure --enable-cxx
$make
$make check
$sudo make install

What should I do if an warning message UserWarning: The value of the smallest subnormal for <class 'numpy.float64'> type is zero. is displayed when running Mindspore?

A: We observed such warnings on ARM environment, with python 3.9 and numpy >=1.22.0 installed. These wharnings come from numpy instead of MindSpore, if you wish to suppress these warnings, please consider manually switching to a lower version of numpy (<=1.21.2).